diff --git a/lib/mackup.sh b/lib/mackup.sh
index 70a15b4..68dd667 100644
--- a/lib/mackup.sh
+++ b/lib/mackup.sh
@@ -44,13 +44,21 @@ ssr::mackup::_materialize_icloud() {
         *Mobile\ Documents*) ;;            # only worth doing for iCloud
         *) return 0 ;;
     esac
-    # `brctl download` is the documented way to request file materialization.
-    # Available on macOS 10.12+; silently skip if missing on older systems.
-    if command -v brctl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        brctl download "$mackup_root" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-    fi
-    # Belt-and-braces: prune any stub files that survived the download
-    # request (sometimes left over from interrupted prior runs).
+    # `brctl download` was removed in macOS Sonoma (remaining brctl subcommands:
+    # diagnose/log/dump/status/accounts/quota/monitor). The current way to
+    # trigger per-file iCloud download from the CLI is `open -g <real-path>`,
+    # which asks the iCloud daemon to fetch the file in the background.
+    find "$mackup_root" -name '*.icloud' -type f 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r stub; do
+        local dir base real
+        dir="$(dirname "$stub")"
+        base="$(basename "$stub")"
+        real="${base#.}"        # strip leading dot
+        real="${real%.icloud}"  # strip .icloud suffix
+        open -g "$dir/$real" 2>/dev/null || true
+    done
+    # Brief pause so the iCloud daemon can start fetching before mackup reads.
+    sleep 1
+    # Belt-and-braces: prune any stubs that couldn't be resolved.
     find "$mackup_root" -name '*.icloud' -type f -delete 2>/dev/null || true
 }
 
@@ -93,5 +101,6 @@ ssr::mackup::backup() {
 
 ssr::mackup::restore() {
     ssr::log "mackup restore"
-    mackup restore
+    # -f: answer "yes" to all prompts (consistent with backup behaviour).
+    mackup -f restore
 }